Thursday, November 7, 2013

Vocabulary Day 2

1. LandslideAn overwhelming outcome, most often a unexpected victory in politics.

Hint: It was a landslide victory in the sense that many more people had voted than we expected and the majority of them voted for us.

The downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth and rock.
An overwhelming majority of votes for a political party or candidate.


Related words - victory, triumph.

Synonyms - landslip, slide, mudslide, rock slide, avalanche, rockfall. 

Landslide in sentence 
He won last month's presidential election by a landslide.

The storm caused landslides and flooding.

2. StunTo amaze; to astound; to shock; to render speechless; to incapacitate, most often for only a short moment.


Hint: We were all stunned when we learned that he was the prince in disguise; we all stood there agape, not knowing what to say or do.


1. To daze or render senseless, by or as if by a blow.
2. To overwhelm or daze with a loud noise.
3. To stupefy, as with the emotional impact of an experience; astound.


Synonyms - 1.   Stupefy, immobilize,     "The sudden storm immobilized the traffic"

                    2.   Sandbag - hit something or somebody as if with a sandbag.
                          Hit - deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument; "He hit her hard in the                               face"
                     3.  overcome as with astonishment or disbelief; "The news stunned her"                                                       bedaze, daze
                         desensitise, desensitize - cause not to be sensitive; "The war desensitized many                                     soldiers"; "The photographic plate was desensitized"



3. Cohesion Tendency to keep together or stick together; the inter molecular forces that hold liquid or solid molecules together.
Hint: The root word cohere means to cling, to cleave, to adhere.

1. The act, process, or condition of cohering: exhibited strong cohesion in the family unit.
2. Physics The intermolecular attraction by which the elements of a body are held together.
3. Botany The congenital union of parts of the same kind, such as a calyx of five united sepals.

Synonyms - Coherence, coherency, cohesiveness, connectedness, connection, link, consistency, continuity.  
example -1.  "the connection between church and state is inescapable"
2. "a rambling argument that lacked any consistency"

In Botany - the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)
phytology, botany -  the branch of biology that studies plants
growing, growth, ontogenesis, ontogeny, maturation, development - the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children"

In physics-  the inter molecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid
natural philosophy, physics - the science of matter and energy and their interactions; "his favorite subject was physics"
force - (physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; "force equals mass times acceleration"

4. Reprieve A postponement or cancellation of a punishment; a pardon, usually temporary.
Hint: The reprieve that he received was good news; he had been in the county jail for over a week, and so to get out and feel the sun on his face was wonderful.
1. To postpone or cancel the punishment of.
2. To bring relief to.
3. Postponement or cancellation of a punishment
4A warrant for such an action.
5Temporary relief, as from danger or pain.
Synonyms -   Respite, Relief, Ease
the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he     enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease"

Abatement, Hiatus, Respite, Suspension
Break, Interruption - some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; "the telephone is an annoying interruption"; "there was a break in the action when a player was hurt"

Defervescence - abatement of a fever as indicated by a reduction in body temperature
Remission, Subsidence, Remittal - an abatement in intensity or degree (as in the manifestations of a                                                            disease); "his cancer is in remission"

warrant - a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts
law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"

respite
mercy, clemency, mercifulness - leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice; "he threw himself on the mercy of the court"
law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"

postponeprorogueput offdeferset backshelvetableput overremithold over - hold back to a later time; "let's postpone the exam"

rescue, deliver - free from harm or evil

5. HypotheticalBased on assumptions; not grounded in facts but based on speculation
Hint: The word 'hypothetical' is derived from the Greek word 'hypothesis', which means, 'assumption'.


1. Of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis: "a hypothetical situation." 
2.
a. Suppositional; uncertain. 
b. Conditional; contingent.

         3. Assumed or thought to exist
         4. existing only as an idea or concept "a time machine is a hypothetical device"

Synonyms hypothesis, theory, possibility - a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"

conjectural, hypothetic, suppositional, suppositious, supposititious, divinatory, supposed
theoretic, theoretical - concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations; "theoretical science"
theoretical, supposed, academic, assumed, imaginary, speculative, putative, conjectural a purely hypothetical question

Antonyms  - known, real, proven, true, established, confirmed, actual

6. Buffoon1. A clown; a jester: a court buffoon.
2. A person given to clowning and joking.
3. A ludicrous or bumbling person; a fool.

Synonyms - merry andrew, clown, goof, goofball comedian, comic -a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts.
harlequin - a clown or buffoon. 
jester, motley fool, fool - a professional clown employed to entertain a king or nobleman in the Middle Ages.
whiteface - a clown whose face is covered with white make-up.
zany - a buffoon in one of the old comedies; imitates others for ludicrous effect.

7. Recipe Directions for making something; a step-by-step ordering of activities that must be performed in a specific order to attain a desired end product.

Hint: The recipe called for 1 camel, 2 goats, 200 kilos of rice, and plenty of vegetables; I still can't believe that we managed to cook a camel feast for 200 people.

Synonyms -  formula (directions for making something)  
instruction, direction - a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them"

8. ChantTo repeat verbally over and over again; to sing.

Hint: The protesters kept on on chanting to release the activist from prison, and after several hours, the government had to succumb to the persistent demands of the crowd.

Synonyms - Cantillate, intonate, intone, singsong, sing, chorus, recite .
eg:-  The monks were chanting their prayers. 

9.  Ameliorate - To improve; to lessen discomfort. To make or become better; improve
Hint: In an effort to ameliorate its pain from the deep wound, the pig rolled in the mud.

Synonymsto make better; "The editor improved the manuscript with his changes":- improvemeliorateamendbetter, alleviaterelievepalliateassuage, aidhelp, 
revitalizeregenerate 
iron output rightstraighten out - settle or put right; "we need to iron out our disagreements"
beautify, fancify, prettify, embellish - make more beautiful
fine-tune, refine, polish, down - improve or perfect by pruning or polishing; "refine one's style of writing"
distill, make pure, purify, sublimate - remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; "purify the water". 

Get better; "The weather improved toward evening" - change state, turn - undergo a transformation or a change of position or action; "We turned from Socialism to Capitalism"; "The people turned against the President when he stole the election"
see the light, straighten out, reform - change for the better; "The lazy student promised to reform"; "the habitual cheater finally saw the light"

10. IntrospectionExamining one's own thoughts and feelings; to look within; to view the inside of.
Hint: The word 'introspection' is derived from the Latin word 'intros pierce', which means 'to look into'.

Contemplation of one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations; self-examination.
Synonymsself-contemplation, self-examination, musing,  reflection,
 rumination, thoughtfulness, contemplation, reflexion - a calm, lengthy, intent consideration
self-analysis, soul-searching - a penetrating examination of your own beliefs and motives
examen, examination - a detailed inspection of your conscience

"He had always had his moments of quiet introspection."


























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